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Architecture by Rama Sohonee Maricarmen Cedillo
Level: Intermediate
The Alhambra palace is a famous example of Moorish architecture. Located in Granada the Alhambra was constructed in the 13th century on the foundation of an ancient existing fortress. The name Alhambra comes from an Arabic root meaning 'crimson castle'.
Originally designed as a military area, the Alhambra became the residence of royalty and the court of Granada in the middle of the 13th century. The 13th century saw the establishment of the Nasrid kingdom and the first palace of by the founder King Mohammad Ibn Yusuf ben Nasr, better known as 'Alhamar'.
Four large halls border the central courtyard with a set of fountains in the center. On one hand the colorful mosaic on the walls vies for your attention, while on the other, the intricate fretwork on the baconies and windows draws you toward it. The Alhambra palace is divided into three main divisions: the recption salon, the royal apartments and the chamber of the lions.
In 1492 the Alhambra converted to a Christian kingdom. Granada was ruled by Isabel la Catholica and Ferdinand, It is noticeable that later this palace was converted to a church and a Franciscan monastery.
The walls of the palace are decorated with inscriptions from the Koran.The Patio de los Arrayanes is the central courtyard of the palace and surrounded by double marble columns. The central fountain still continues to sing the songs of yesteryear.
La Sala de los Hermanas or the 'Hall of the two sisters' has delicately ornamented ceilings with verses from Ibn Zamrak in gold and lapis lazuli, whicha ttempt to take us back to the 13th century.
One of the unique design features of the Alhambra is the succession of multiple arches. Each column is an example of the tenacity and creativity of the artisans of that era.
The Patio de los Leones or the 'lions court' has 12 lions that carry the fountain upon their backs. At the Alhambra water plays a major role in that it is used both as a decorative as well as a functional element. The palace has an advanced irrigation system which is explained in Zamrak's verses.
The Church of Santa Maria was built on the site of the royal mosque. The monastery of St. Francis was constructed in 1495 on a Arabian prince's palace where Isabella and Ferdinand were buried temporarily.
The Generalife gardens and orchards date from the 14th century and retain their original landscaping. These marvellous gardens on one end of the Alhambra, have inspired many musicians and authors. The name of origin seems to come from the Arabic Yanat-al-Arif which means 'Graden of the Architect'.
Currently it is the setting for summer music and dance festivals at the recently constructed amphitheater.
Words are insufficient to describe the magic and grandeur of the Alhambra. The best way to discover it is to experience it first hand.