Websites
African
Union Homepage
Contains a link to the AU's Peace and Security Council
page, which includes the Council's protocol and a list of countries that
have ratified the protocol.
Canadian
Directorate of Peacekeeping Policy
Information on Canada's involvement in peacekeeping
affairs, including historic and current operations.
Carter
Center
Organization founded by former President Jimmy Carter
that seeks to advance human rights and create lasting peace in war ravaged
areas.
EuropaWorld
News source that reports on international developments
from a European perspective, and contains links to some European Union
documents.
Henry
L. Stimson Center
A non-profit, nonpartisan institution devoted to
promoting peace and international security by conducting research projects.
North
Atlantic Treaty Organization
Official site that contains information about current
and historic NATO missions.
Organization
for Security and Cooperation in Europe: Secretariat - Conflict Prevention
Centre
Official site that contains information on the OSCE's
efforts at crisis management, conflict prevention and post-conflict rehabilitation.
Pearson
Peacekeeping Center
Canada based organization whose mission is to support
Canada's contribution to international peace and security. Contains news
about peacekeeping operations and links to other sites.
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Research institute focused on questions of international
peace. Contains access to Facts on International Relations and Security
Trends (FIRST) Database, and extensive country profiles database.
The
International Institute for Strategic Studies
A leading authority on political-military conflicts.
The site contains access to the Institute's Adelphi papers, information
on conferences and links to an extensive list of journals, as well as
its military conflict database.
United
Nations Cartographic Section
Contains maps and geographical information about
the locations of peacekeeping missions. Also
provides access to a number of general world and regional maps.
United
Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library
Peacekeeping Operations: A Bibliography
This is a link to the UN's extensive bibliography
of books and articles concerning peacekeeping operations.
United
Nations Peacekeeping
Contains information about all current and historic
UN peacekeeping missions, links to Security Council Resolutions concerning
peacekeeping missions, and a facts and figures section.
United
States Institute of Peace
Independent, nonpartisan institution created by Congress
to promote the peaceful resolution of international conflicts.
Articles, Book Chapters, and Conference Papers
Adebajo, Adekeye and Landsberg, Chris. "Back to the Future: UN Peacekeeping in Africa," International Peacekeeping, 7, 4, (2000): 161-188.
Akashi, Yasushi. "The Challenge of Peacekeeping in Cambodia," International Peacekeeping, 1, 2 (1994): 204-215.
Akashi, Yasushi. "The Politics of UN Peacekeeping: From Cambodia
to Yugoslavia," in Ramesh Thakur and Albrecht Schnabel, United
Nations Peacekeeping Operations: Ad Hoc Missions, Permanent Engagement,
UN University Press, Tokyo, (2001): 149-154.
Annan, Kofi A. "War, Peace and the United Nations,"
Address to the University of California at Berkeley, School of International
and Area Studies, (April 20, 1998).
Available at (4-23-05):
http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/archives/L/1998/A/un980532.html
Baranyi, Stephen and Liisa North. "Stretching the Limits of the Possible: United Nations Peacekeeping in Central America," Aurora Papers, 15, Canadian Centre for Global Security, Ottawa, (1992).
Berdal, Mats R. "Whither UN Peacekeeping?: An Analysis of the Changing Military Requirements of UN Peacekeeping with Proposals for its Enhancement," Adelphi paper, 281, Oxford University Press for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, London, (1993).
Berdal, Mats. "Fateful Encounter: The United States and UN Peacekeeping,"
Survival, 36, 1 (1994): 30-50.
Betts, Richard. "The Delusion of Impartial Intervention," Foreign Affairs, (November-December, 1994): 32-33.
Biermann, Wolfgang. "‘Old' UN Peacekeeping Principles and ‘New' Conflicts: Some Ideas to Reduce the Troubles of Post-Cold War Peace Missions," Working papers, 18, Center for Peace and Conflict Research, Copenhagen, (1994).
Borris, Eileen R. and Paul F. Diehl. "Forgiveness,
Reconciliation, and the Contribution of International Peacekeeping,"
in Langholtz, Harvey J., (ed.), The Psychology of Peacekeeping,
Praeger Publishers, New York, USA (1998): 207-222.
Chandler, David G. "The Road to Military Humanitarianism:
How the Human Rights NGOs Shaped A New Humanitarian Agenda," Human
Rights Quarterly, 23, 3 (August, 2001): 678-700.
Available
online: subscription or university password may be required
Connaughton, Richard. "British Peacekeeping Doctrine: A Critique," in D.S. Gordon and F.H. Toase, (eds.), Aspects of Peacekeeping, Frank Cass, London, UK (2001): 199-212.
Diehl, Paul Francis. "Forks in the Road: Theoretical and Policy Concerns for 21 Century Peacekeeping," Global Society, 14, 3 (2000): 337-360.
Diehl, Paul Francis and Elijah PharoahKhan. "Financing UN Peacekeeping: A Review and Assessment of Proposals," Policy Studies Review, 17, 1 (2000): 71-104.
Diehl, Paul Francis and David Green and Chad Kahl. "The Price of Peace: A Predictive Model of UN Peacekeeping Fiscal Costs," Policy Studies Journal, 26, 4 (1998): 620-635.
Diehl, Paul Francis and David Green and Chad Kahl. "Predicting the Size of UN Peacekeeping Operations," Armed Forces and Society, 24, 4 (1998): 485-500.
Diehl, Paul Francis, Daniel Druckman and James Wall. "International Peacekeeping and Conflict Resolution: A Taxonomic Analysis with Implications," Journal of Conflict Resolution, 42, 1 (1998): 33-55.
Diehl, Paul Francis and Sonia Jurado. "United Nations Peacekeeping and Arms Control Verification," Contemporary Security Policy, 15, 1 (1994): 38-54.
Diehl, Paul Francis. "Institutional Alternatives to Traditional U.N. Peacekeeping: An Assessment of Regional and Multinational Options," Armed Forces and Society, 19, 2 (1993): 209-230.
Diehl, Paul Francis and Chetan Kumar. "Mutual Benefits From International Intervention: New Roles for United Nations Peacekeeping Forces," Bulletin of Peace Proposals, 22, 4 (1991): 369-375.
Diehl, Paul Francis. "A Permanent U.N. Peacekeeping Force: An Evaluation," Bulletin of Peace Proposals, 20, 1 (1989): 27-36.
Diehl, Paul Francis. "Peacekeeping Operations and the Quest for Peace," Political Science Quarterly, 103, 3 (1988): 485-507.
Durward, Rosemary. "European Approaches to Peacekeeping: The Muddled Legacy of the Yugoslav Wars," in D.S. Gordon and F.H. Toase, (eds.), Aspects of Peacekeeping, Frank Cass, London, UK (2001): 42-59.
Flint, Edward. "Civil Affairs: Soldiers Building Bridges," in D.S. Gordon and F.H. Toase, (eds.), Aspects of Peacekeeping, Frank Cass, London, UK (2001): 231-252.
Gordon, Stuart. "Icarus Rising and Falling: The Evolution of UN Command and Control Structures," in D.S. Gordon and F.H. Toase, (eds.), Aspects of Peacekeeping. Frank Cass, London, UK (2001): 19-41.
Gordon, Stuart. "A Recipe for Making Safe Areas Unsafe," in D.S. Gordon and F.H. Toase, (eds.), Aspects of Peacekeeping, Frank Cass, London, UK (2001): 213-230.
Gow, James and Christopher Dandeker. "The Legitimation
of Strategic Peacekeeping: Military Culture, the Defining Moment,"
in D.S. Gordon and F.H. Toase, (eds.), Aspects of Peacekeeping,
Frank Cass, London, Uk (2001): 181-198.
Green, Maria. "What We Talk About When We Talk
About Indicators: Current Approaches to Human Rights Measurement,"
Human Rights Quarterly, 23, 4 (November, 2001): 1062-1097.
Available
online: subscription or university password may be required
Available online: subscription or university password may be required
Landgren, Karen. "Safety Zones and International Protection: A Dark Grey Area," International Journal of Refugee Law, 7 (1995): 438-440.
Latawski, Paul. "Bilateral and Multilateral Peacekeeping Units in Central and Eastern Europe," in D.S. Gordon and F.H. Toase (eds), Aspects of Peacekeeping, Frank Cass, London, (2001): 60-77.
Ogata, Sadako. "Humanitarian Responses to International Emergencies," in Olara A. Otunnu and Michael W. Doyle, (eds.), Peacemaking and Peacekeeping for the New Century, Rowmand and Littlefield, Lanham, MD, USA (1998): 215-230.
Palin, R.H. "Multinational Military Forces: Problems and Prospects," Adelphi Paper, 294. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK (1995).
Pugh, M. "Peacekeeping as Developmentalism: Concepts from Disaster Research," Contemporary Security Policy, 16, 3 (December, 1995): 320-346.
Rich, Paul B. "Warlordism, Complex Emergencies and the Search for a Doctrine of Humanitarian Intervention," in D.S. Gordon and F.H. Toase, (eds.), Aspects of Peacekeeping, Frank Cass, London, (2001): 253-273.
Slim, Hugo. "Positioning Humanitarianism in War: Principles of Neutrality, Impartiality and Solidarity," in D.S. Gordon and F.H. Toase, (eds.), Aspects of Peacekeeping, Frank Cass, London, (2001): 125-140.
Tharoor, Shashi. "Should UN Peacekeeping Go 'Back to Basics'?" Survival, 37, 4 (Winter, 1995-96): 52-64.
Tharoor, Shashi and Ian Johnstone. "The Humanitarian Security Dilemma in International Peacekeeping," in D.S. Gordon and F.H. Toase, (eds.), Aspects of Peacekeeping, Frank Cass, London, (2001): 3-18.
Van Brabant, Koenraad. "Understanding, Promoting and Evaluating Coordination: An Outline Framework," in D.S. Gordon and F.H. Toase, (eds.), Aspects of Peacekeeping, Frank Cass, London, (2001): 141-162.
Van Brabant, Koenraad. "Armed Protection for Humanitarian Action: What are the Questions?" in D.S. Gordon and F.H. Toase, (eds.), Aspects of Peacekeeping, Frank Cass, London (2001): 163-178.
Vieira de Mello, Sergio. "The Evolution of UN Humanitarian Operations," in D.S. Gordon and F.H. Toase, (eds.), Aspects of Peacekeeping, Frank Cass, London (2001): 115-124.
Whitman, Jim. "'Those Who Have the Power to Hurt but Would Do None': The Military and the Humanitarian," in D.S. Gordon and F.H. Toase, (eds.), Aspects of Peacekeeping, Frank Cass, London, (2001): 101-114.
Yorke, Edmund. "Regional Initiatives and Non-UN Forms of Intervention in Sub-Saharan Africa," in D.S. Gordon and F.H. Toase, (eds.), Aspects of Peacekeeping, Frank Cass, London (2001): 78-98.
Books
and Monographs
Adebajo, Adekeye. Building Peace in West Africa: Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea-Bissau, Lynne Rienner, Boulder, CO, USA, 2002.
Adebajo, Adekeye. Liberia's Civil War: Nigeria, ECOMOG, and Regional Security in West Africa, Lynne Rienner, Boulder, CO, USA, 2002.
African Rights. Rwanda: A Waste of Hope: The United Nations Human Rights Field Operation, African Rights, London, UK, 1995.
African Rights. Somalia: Human Rights Abuses by the United Nations Forces, African Rights, London, UK, 1993.
Allan, James H. Peacekeeping: Outspoken Observations by a Field Officer, Praeger Publishers, Westport, CT, USA, 1996.
Allard, Kenneth. Somalia Operations: Lessons Learned, National Defense University Press, Washington, D.C., USA, 1995.
Allsebrook, Mary. Prototypes of Peacemaking: The First Forty Years of the United Nations, St. James Press, Chicago, USA, 1986.
Bailey, Sydney Dawson. How Wars End: The United Nations and the Termination of Armed Conflict, 1946-1964, Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK, 1982.
Ball Nicole and Halevy, T. Making Peace Work: The Role of the International
Development Community, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore,
MD, USA, 1996.
Bellamy, Alex J., Paul Williams and Stuart Griffin. Understanding Peacekeeping, Polity Press, Cambridge, UK, 2004.
Bhatia, Michael V. War and Intervention: Issues for Contemporary Peace Operations, Kumarian Press, Inc., Bloomfield, CT, USA, 2003.
Bierman, Wolfgang and Martin Vadset, (eds.). UN Peacekeeping in Trouble: Lessons Learned from the Former Yugoslavia, Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot, 1998.
Black, David R. and Susan J. Rolston. Peacekeeping and Preventive
Diplomacy in the New World (Dis)order: Edited Papers from a Workshop Organized
by the Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, Dalhousi University, 14-16
October 1994, Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, Dalhousie University,
Halifax, Canada, 1995.
Britt, Thomas W. and Amy B. Adler. The Psychology of the Peacekeeper: Lessons from the Field, Praeger, Westport, CT, USA, 2003.
Callaghan, Jean and Mathias Schönborn, (eds). Warriors in Peacekeeping: Points of Tension in Complex Cultural Encounters; A Comparative Study Based on Experiences in Bosnia, Münster, Lit 2004.
Cassidy, Robert M., Ph.D. Peacekeeping in the Abyss: British and American Peacekeeping Doctrine and Practice After the Cold War, Praeger, Westport, CT, USA, 2004.
Danieli, Yael, (ed.). Sharing the Front Line and the Back Hills: International Protectors and Providers: Peacekeepers, Humanitarian Aid Workers and the Media in the Midst of Crisis, Baywood Pub. Co., Amityville, NY, USA, 2001.
Dawsom, Pauline. The Peacekeepers of Kashmir: The UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan, St. Martin's Press, London, 1994,
Diehl, Paul F. International Peacekeeping, Johns Hopkins University
Press, Baltimore, MD, USA, 1993.
Durch, William J., (ed.). UN Peacekeeping, American Politics and the Uncivil Wars of the 1990s, St. Martin's Press, New York, USA, 1996.
Durch, William J., (ed.). The Evolution of UN Peacekeeping: Case Studies and Comparative Analysis, St. Martin's Press, New York, USA, 1993.
Durch, William J. And Barry M. Blechman. Keeping the Peace: The United Nations in the Emerging World Order, Henry L. Stimson Center, Washington, D.C., USA, 1992.
Fleitz, Frederick H. Peacekeeping Fiascoes of the 1990s: Causes, Solutions, and U.S. Interests, Praeger, Westport, CT, USA, 2002.
Gordon, D.S., and F.H. Toase, (eds.). Aspects of Peacekeeping, Frank Cass, London, UK, 2001.
Hillen, John. Blue Helmets: The Strategy of UN Military Operations,
Brassey's, Washington, D.C., USA, 2000.
Krasno, Jean, Bradd C. Hayes and Donald C.F. Daniel, (eds.). Leveraging for Success in United Nations Peace Operations, Praeger, Westport, Conn., USA, 2003.
Laurence, Tim. Humanitarian Assistance and Peacekeeping: An Uneasy Alliance, Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies, London, UK, 1999.
Lederach, John Paul and Janice Moomaw Jenner, (eds.). A Handbook of International Peacebuilding: Into the Eye of the Storm, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2002.
Manwaring, Max G. and Anthony James Joes, (eds.). Beyond Declaring Victory and Coming Home: The Challenges of Peace and Stability Operations, Praeger, Westport, CT, USA, 2000.
Marten, Kimberly Zisk. Enforcing the Peace: Learning from the Imperial Past, Columbia University Press, New York, USA, 2004.
Olsson, Louise and Torunn L. Tryggestad. Women and International Peacekeeping, Frank Cass, London, UK, 2001.
Otunnu, Olara A. and Michael W. Doyle, (eds.). Peacemaking and Peacekeeping for the New Century, Rowmand and Littlefield, Lanham, MD, 1998.
Perito, Robert. Where is the Lone Ranger When We Need Him?: America's Search for a Postconflict Stability Force, United States Institute of Peace Press, Washington, D.C., USA, 2004.
Regan, Patrick M. Civil Wars and Foreign Powers: Outside Intervention in Intrastate Conflict, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 2000.
Thakur, Ramesh and Albrecht Schnabel. United Nations Peacekeeping
Operations: Ad Hoc Missions, Permanent Engagement, UN University Press,
Tokyo, Japan, 2001.
Whitworth, Sandra. Men, Militarism, and UN Peacekeeping: A Gendered Analysis, Lynne Rienner Pub., Boulder, CO, USA, 2004.
Woodhouse, Tom and Oliver Ramsbotham. Peacekeeping and Conflict Resolution, Frank Cass, London, UK, 2000.
Official
Documents
Congressional Research Service. "United Nations
Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress," by Marjorie Ann Browne of the
Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division. Library of Congress, Washington,
D.C., (July 22, 2003).
Available at (4-27-2005):
http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/24360.pdf
Congressional Research Service. "Peacekeeping:
Issues of U.S. Military Involvement," by Nina M. Serafino of the
Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division. Library of Congress, Washington,
D.C., (August 6, 2003).
Available at (4-27-2005):
http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/23376.pdf
Congressional Research Service. "U.N. System
Funding: Congressional Issues," by Vita Bite of the Foreign Affairs,
Defense and Trade Division. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., (August
6, 2003).
Available at (4-27-2005):
http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/24361.pdf
Joint Warfighting Center. Joint Task Force Commander's
Handbook for Peace Operations, Fort Monroe, VA, June 16, 1997.
Available at (4-23-2005):
http://webharvest.gov/peth04/20041021063957/www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/research_pubs/k516.pdf
United States General Accounting Office. U.N.
Peacekeeping: Transition Strategies for Post-Conflict Countries Lack Results-Oriented
Measures of Progress, Report to the Chairman, Committee on International
Relations, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., September 2003.
Available at (4-23-2005):
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d031071.pdf
United States General Accounting Office. U.N.
Peacekeeping: Estimated U.S. Contributions, Fiscal Years 1996-2001,
Report to Congressional Requesters, Washington, D.C., February 2002.
Available at (4-23-2005):
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d02294.pdf
United States General Accounting Office. U.N.
Peacekeeping: United Nations Faces Challenges in Responding to the Impact
of HIV/AIDS on Peacekeeping Operations, Report to the Chairman of
the Committee on International Relations, US House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C., December 2001.
Available at (4-23-2005):
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d02194.pdf
United States General Accounting Office. Peacekeeping:
Assessment of US Participation in the Multinational Force and Observers,
Report to the US House of Representatives Committee on International Relations,
Washington, D.C., August 15, 1995.
Available at (4-23-2005):
http://www.gao.gov/archive/1995/ns95113.pdf
United States Government Accountability Office.
Peacekeeping: Multinational Force and Observers Maintaining Accountability,
but State Department Oversight could be Improved, Report to Congressional
Requesters, Washington, D.C., June 2004.
Available at (4-23-2005):
http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=gao&docid=f:d04883.pdf
United States Government Accountability Office.
Preliminary Observations about the US Process for Deciding to Support
UN Peace Operations, Briefing for US House of Representatives Committee
on International Relations, Washington, D.C., October 4, 2000.
Available at (4-23-2005):
http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=gao&docid=f:d01100t.pdf
US Congress. House. "President's FY 2005 Budget Request for International
Organizations and Peacekeeping," Testimony of Kim R. Holmes, Assistant
Secretary for International Organization Affairs, before the House Committee
on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, State and the Judiciary,
Washington, D.C. (April 1, 2004).
Available at (4-27-2005):
http://www.state.gov/p/io/rls/rm/2004/31086.htm